Regulating Digital Gatekeepers: Lessons from the Banking Industry

Gatekeepers are not exclusive to digital markets. Gatekeepers exist in many other industries such as banking, telecoms and energy. The new element introduced by digital gatekeepers is their scale and scope: There are digital gatekeepers that have a global scope, have millions of users and are present in several industries. The potential anticompetitive conducts of those digital gatekeepers might have a large impact over consumers. Banks have traditionally been the main gatekeepers and facilitato